destroyer x
Compulsive builder
I have something to explain about MAKO and i am asking your attention folks
Maybe will be this way my friend...this will not depend on me ... well, forum owner will decide, as he may be the amplifier owner .... my idea is not to provide schematic or it will be copied by Chinese (some Chinese pirates, not all China is pirate).... in my mind the best idea is to provide boards, or kits and values of components may come printed into the silk screen together part numbers R1-100 ..... Q1-2N5400 ... C4-47u/100V.... this way, anyone that has the board will be able to assemble, even not having schematic... but also schematic can be provide too, this depends schematic owner decisions... our people can also protect schematic respecting a gentleman's agreement about not to copy, not to show, not to let people make reverse engineering (watching board copper traces to copy schematic), not to let produce close up high resolution pictures, not to borrow, or rent, or let people make close inspections... well... these things gentlemen can do as they are doing this way about AKSA amplifiers (Aspen amplifiers, by Hugh Dean - Australia 2001 copyright).
Reason why to use 5 pairs is only for testing purposes...in the reality the amplifier will have 12 (TWELVE) pairs, or 24 output power transistors and many others working as power CCS (constant current sources)... the amplifier is not common, not generic, not cheap and not simple... it will be cheap compared to 10 to 20 thousand dollares units that will perform the same.... some high end professional units...but not a really cheap amplifier... there's not good and cheap things in this world... cheap is usually bad and normally produces low power and not a good performance...if we want power.... then we have to spent money in parts... huge heatsinks, enormous transformers and very expensive and very big electrolitic condenser bank in order to provide a clean power, free from mains noise, to the amplifier to transfer all that power to the speaker.
Why to use 12 pairs?
Because people can really push the amplifier ABOVE the limits...and people use to do that when they are producing parties, installing sound in clubs, stadiums, meetings, political meetings, public adressing and emergency communications that may reach kilometers distance.... people use to connect a lot of speakers in series and parallel in order to have more audio pressure (more sound) having a lot of speaker diafragm moving at same time pumping air (sound is air pressure that reaches your eardrum...so...more area of diafragm moving, more speakers moving, result in more air pressure)..... BECAUSE of that need to have many speakers connected in series and parallel arrangements, you need a lot of current, a lot of audio volts, and this is a lot of audio power...and the amplifier may face very low impedances (result of speaker association in series and parallel).... impedance that may fell dowN to around 1 ohm in the worst case scenario.
When you install your power amplifier this way, output may manage 20 to 40 amperes of current... and this is something power transistors cannot face when working at 75 volts or more.... at 75 volts the best transistors can conduct one ampere, so, to send 10 amperes to the load you need 10 transistors... to send 20 amperes to the load you need 20 transistors...to send 40 amperes to the load you need 40 transistors.... these power transistors can work with 15 amperes continuously..... 15 times more than i am saying...because they can do that with 5 volts from colector to emitter...but having 75 volts from colector to emitter they can face 1 to 1.8A.
This amplifier will be rated, offered, advertised, informed, as a 500 watts amplifier...in the reality it is not a 500 watts RMS at 4 ohms amplifier..it is 500 watts RMS at 4 ohms WHEN DISTORTION IS 0.005 percent THD (Total Harmonic Distortion).... if we force it to 0.2 percent (we start to listen that something is not anymore perfect in sound quality) the power is higher...also if we tollerate 1 percent (80 percent of the population does not perceive this as bad sound) the power is much more than the power specified as "minimum undistorted power".... also some chips are specified to 10 percent..and under this distortion our power will be twice or 1 kilowatt...and this at 4 ohms....can be 2 kilowatts at 2 ohms too...hehehehehe... very powerfull, and this needs transistors..a lot of them and enormous heatsinks, or strong fan blower in tunel duct form..with one fan pushing and other fan pulling air that will be send to heatsink fins.
Each 10 watts of power, continuous power, sinusoidal waveform, 1 kilohertz signal, unclipped and undistorted, may need an aluminium blade, square aluminium blade, 2 milimeters thick, measuring 10 by 10 centimeters..... 100 watts will need 10 blades (fins) assembled together (heatsink).... 1000 watts will need 100 blades..and so on.... so, heatsinks may be enormous, but can be reduced 2 or three times if we use one fan or dual fan tunnel duct system or cooling..needed to class AB audio power amplifier that has 63 percent efficiency..some energy will be transformed in heat in the place to be transformed in audio...energy from the supply.... there are waste in power depending the power amplifier class (A, B, AB, H, G, D).
So, this amplifier is not for someone that wants cheap things.. it is to the ones wants a superior design, a many times superior power and audio quality...low distortion and excellent performance.... using standard supplies you gonna need several power transformers....big ones and also enormous quantity of electrolitic condensers and rectifiers... the amplifier is serious, to serious builders, to serious use, to professional applications and advanced audiophile use...not something to build as first amplifier that may kill you, as voltages present are enougth to kill someone that have not the needed skills.
If you use small transformer, a pair of condensers in the filter... well... result will be small...you may have 100 watts or even less.... the amplifier can operate from 4.5 plus and 4.5 volts minus..and power output will be less than 1 watt rms... it can work with one pair in the output in this case...a tiny transformer can be used...well..a matter of decision... amplifier power depends on supply power...if supply is 2 Kilowatts, then you will have 63 percent of that in audio power..if your supply is 100 watts, then you will have 63 watts of audio power... these things are connected..supply and power output.....more power needs more transistors in the output, bigger transformers, bigger rectifiers, bigger heatsinks, bigger condensers..big wires (gauge), big case...and all this is heavy and is expensive....but as i said..you can make it smaller too if you want it..or... can make it small and then can go upgrading to higher power, replacing transformers, heatsinks, including more transistors, more electroliti condensers..well... can be build in stages too... first year 100 watts... second years 400 watts and go progressing slowly.
Circuit is modern and use the most modern techniques, a lot of CCS, current sinks, current mirrors, differential amplifiers, enhanced voltage amplifier, darlington style power output in Emitter follower (EF) and inspiration came from Doctor Douglas Self and some designs made by Crown, some designs made by Mcintosh and some designs made by Electrocompaniet.
I am glad to present you one of the best wide world, ever made, power audio amplifier..something to satisfy, to make you proud, to beat other amplifier and make them feel ashamed when compared to the "big brother".
I am offering you the result of 51 years of studies of audio electronics... more than 5000 power amplifiers built (6231 units in reality), and several studies made in Tokyo about audio power amplifiers...a full life of audio research.
regards,
Carlos
Maybe will be this way my friend...this will not depend on me ... well, forum owner will decide, as he may be the amplifier owner .... my idea is not to provide schematic or it will be copied by Chinese (some Chinese pirates, not all China is pirate).... in my mind the best idea is to provide boards, or kits and values of components may come printed into the silk screen together part numbers R1-100 ..... Q1-2N5400 ... C4-47u/100V.... this way, anyone that has the board will be able to assemble, even not having schematic... but also schematic can be provide too, this depends schematic owner decisions... our people can also protect schematic respecting a gentleman's agreement about not to copy, not to show, not to let people make reverse engineering (watching board copper traces to copy schematic), not to let produce close up high resolution pictures, not to borrow, or rent, or let people make close inspections... well... these things gentlemen can do as they are doing this way about AKSA amplifiers (Aspen amplifiers, by Hugh Dean - Australia 2001 copyright).
Reason why to use 5 pairs is only for testing purposes...in the reality the amplifier will have 12 (TWELVE) pairs, or 24 output power transistors and many others working as power CCS (constant current sources)... the amplifier is not common, not generic, not cheap and not simple... it will be cheap compared to 10 to 20 thousand dollares units that will perform the same.... some high end professional units...but not a really cheap amplifier... there's not good and cheap things in this world... cheap is usually bad and normally produces low power and not a good performance...if we want power.... then we have to spent money in parts... huge heatsinks, enormous transformers and very expensive and very big electrolitic condenser bank in order to provide a clean power, free from mains noise, to the amplifier to transfer all that power to the speaker.
Why to use 12 pairs?
Because people can really push the amplifier ABOVE the limits...and people use to do that when they are producing parties, installing sound in clubs, stadiums, meetings, political meetings, public adressing and emergency communications that may reach kilometers distance.... people use to connect a lot of speakers in series and parallel in order to have more audio pressure (more sound) having a lot of speaker diafragm moving at same time pumping air (sound is air pressure that reaches your eardrum...so...more area of diafragm moving, more speakers moving, result in more air pressure)..... BECAUSE of that need to have many speakers connected in series and parallel arrangements, you need a lot of current, a lot of audio volts, and this is a lot of audio power...and the amplifier may face very low impedances (result of speaker association in series and parallel).... impedance that may fell dowN to around 1 ohm in the worst case scenario.
When you install your power amplifier this way, output may manage 20 to 40 amperes of current... and this is something power transistors cannot face when working at 75 volts or more.... at 75 volts the best transistors can conduct one ampere, so, to send 10 amperes to the load you need 10 transistors... to send 20 amperes to the load you need 20 transistors...to send 40 amperes to the load you need 40 transistors.... these power transistors can work with 15 amperes continuously..... 15 times more than i am saying...because they can do that with 5 volts from colector to emitter...but having 75 volts from colector to emitter they can face 1 to 1.8A.
This amplifier will be rated, offered, advertised, informed, as a 500 watts amplifier...in the reality it is not a 500 watts RMS at 4 ohms amplifier..it is 500 watts RMS at 4 ohms WHEN DISTORTION IS 0.005 percent THD (Total Harmonic Distortion).... if we force it to 0.2 percent (we start to listen that something is not anymore perfect in sound quality) the power is higher...also if we tollerate 1 percent (80 percent of the population does not perceive this as bad sound) the power is much more than the power specified as "minimum undistorted power".... also some chips are specified to 10 percent..and under this distortion our power will be twice or 1 kilowatt...and this at 4 ohms....can be 2 kilowatts at 2 ohms too...hehehehehe... very powerfull, and this needs transistors..a lot of them and enormous heatsinks, or strong fan blower in tunel duct form..with one fan pushing and other fan pulling air that will be send to heatsink fins.
Each 10 watts of power, continuous power, sinusoidal waveform, 1 kilohertz signal, unclipped and undistorted, may need an aluminium blade, square aluminium blade, 2 milimeters thick, measuring 10 by 10 centimeters..... 100 watts will need 10 blades (fins) assembled together (heatsink).... 1000 watts will need 100 blades..and so on.... so, heatsinks may be enormous, but can be reduced 2 or three times if we use one fan or dual fan tunnel duct system or cooling..needed to class AB audio power amplifier that has 63 percent efficiency..some energy will be transformed in heat in the place to be transformed in audio...energy from the supply.... there are waste in power depending the power amplifier class (A, B, AB, H, G, D).
So, this amplifier is not for someone that wants cheap things.. it is to the ones wants a superior design, a many times superior power and audio quality...low distortion and excellent performance.... using standard supplies you gonna need several power transformers....big ones and also enormous quantity of electrolitic condensers and rectifiers... the amplifier is serious, to serious builders, to serious use, to professional applications and advanced audiophile use...not something to build as first amplifier that may kill you, as voltages present are enougth to kill someone that have not the needed skills.
If you use small transformer, a pair of condensers in the filter... well... result will be small...you may have 100 watts or even less.... the amplifier can operate from 4.5 plus and 4.5 volts minus..and power output will be less than 1 watt rms... it can work with one pair in the output in this case...a tiny transformer can be used...well..a matter of decision... amplifier power depends on supply power...if supply is 2 Kilowatts, then you will have 63 percent of that in audio power..if your supply is 100 watts, then you will have 63 watts of audio power... these things are connected..supply and power output.....more power needs more transistors in the output, bigger transformers, bigger rectifiers, bigger heatsinks, bigger condensers..big wires (gauge), big case...and all this is heavy and is expensive....but as i said..you can make it smaller too if you want it..or... can make it small and then can go upgrading to higher power, replacing transformers, heatsinks, including more transistors, more electroliti condensers..well... can be build in stages too... first year 100 watts... second years 400 watts and go progressing slowly.
Circuit is modern and use the most modern techniques, a lot of CCS, current sinks, current mirrors, differential amplifiers, enhanced voltage amplifier, darlington style power output in Emitter follower (EF) and inspiration came from Doctor Douglas Self and some designs made by Crown, some designs made by Mcintosh and some designs made by Electrocompaniet.
I am glad to present you one of the best wide world, ever made, power audio amplifier..something to satisfy, to make you proud, to beat other amplifier and make them feel ashamed when compared to the "big brother".
I am offering you the result of 51 years of studies of audio electronics... more than 5000 power amplifiers built (6231 units in reality), and several studies made in Tokyo about audio power amplifiers...a full life of audio research.
regards,
Carlos
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